The economies of scale, brand identity, and capital requirements determine how easy or hard it is for new competitors to enter an industry.
經濟尺度、品牌身份和資本需要量確定得多麼容易或艱苦它是為了新的競爭者能進入產業
來自消費者的議價能力：
The buyer's volume, buyer information, and the availability of substitute products determine the amount of influence that buyers will have in an industry.
buyer' s容量、買家信息和替代品的可及性確定買家在產業將有的相當數量影響
來自供應商的議價能力：
The degree of supplier concentration and the availability of substitute inputs determine the power that suppliers will have over firms in the industry.
程度供應商集中和替補輸入的可及性確定供應商將有在產業的企業的力量
來自替代者的威脅：
The switching costs and buyer loyalty determine the degree to which customers are likely to switch their business to a competitor.
開關費用和買家忠誠確定顧客可能换成他們的事務競爭者的程度
來自現有競爭者的競爭：
Industry growth and product differences determine how intense rivalry will be among firms in the industry.
產業成長和產品區別確定強烈的競爭怎麼將是在產業的企業之中
